==Note==
This note is supposed to located in a dedicated node for hardware design, and Arduino is the most closed to this topic.
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/408/01/2008whytephd.pdf
W, Griogair W.M., Antennas for wireless sensor network applications (PhD thesis)
A very comprehensive introduction to antenna design, from theory to practice. This is your first choice if you want to get familiar with antenna design and solely have the background knowledge with high school level.
http://www.qsl.net/wb5wpa/
A supplementary note